NHER 1145 (Monument record) - Mesolithic flint artefacts and Middle Saxon inhumations at Gasworks Pit

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Summary

Mesolithic flint artefacts and Middle Saxon inhumations have been found in a quarry. In 1862 and 1897 human burials were revealed. At the time of their discovery they were thought to be Palaeolithic, but radiocarbon dating has shown at least one one to be Middle Saxon. Mesolithic objects recovered from the site include scrapers, burins, blades, cores and a microlith.

Protected Status/Designation

  • None recorded

Location

Map sheet TF64SE
Civil Parish HUNSTANTON, WEST NORFOLK, NORFOLK

Map

Gasworks Pit, Hunstanton.

Flint tools from 'the brown Hessle boulder clay in a pit on the cliffs in south Hunstanton'
See (S1).
From this layer they should be Upper Palaeolithic, but in appearance and type could easily be Mesolithic.
E. Rose (NAU).

These are part of the same find as the flints in Ipswich Museum where they are described as 'from the Brown Boulder Clay underlying the Marsh Beds and Sand Dunes'. Two sites are given in the literature 'South of the South end of the Promenade' and 'the large pit northwest of the gas works'. These in fact are virtually adjacent and apparently parts of the same site.
Types include: pushplanes, double ended scrapers, burins, blades, blade scrapers, cores, simple burins and blades with worked edges.

The finds in the Ipswich Museum were examined by R. Jacobi and are listed in (S4) as 1 blade core, 1 flake core, 1 scraper, 1 microlith and a number of blades/blade fragments.

In 1862 in 'the gravel pit cut into the hill south of the railway station', at a depth of 15 feet (4.5m), human bones were found. They were given to [1], who still had them in 1897 when at the same site, now only 6 feet (1.8m) deep, [2] uncovered a skeleton - some of the previously found bones belonged to it. They were given to Ipswich Museum by Haslemere Museum who called them Upper Palaeolithic.
R.R. Clarke (NCM) said that a photograph taken in 1898 suggested a straight sided grave cut from the surface though covered by a (bleached) layer; the date was quite uncertain.
Radiocarbon dating suggests that the Ipswich Museum skeleton is in fact Middle Saxon. Authors of (S2) believe it has no connection with the earlier find of bones.
See article (S2) in file.
E. Rose (NLA), 15 December 1993.

J. Wymer notes that source [1] also found a Mesolithic microlith.
E. Rose (NLA), 18 June 1996.

List of references and report (S2) in file.
E. Rose (NLA).

  • --- Article in Monograph: Boswell, P. G. H. 1867. The contacts of Geology: the Ice Age and early man in Britain. Report of the Annual Meeting, 1932. British Association for the Advancement of Science. pp 57-88. p 74.
  • --- Article in Monograph: Sainty, J. E. 1935. Norfolk Prehistory. British Association for the Advancement of Science. Report of the Annual Meeting, 1935. Norwich, September 4-11. British Association for the Advancement of Science. Appendix pp 60-71.
  • --- Article in Serial: Boswell, P. G. H. 1931. The stratigraphy of the glacial deposits of East Anglia in relation to Early Man. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Vol 42 Pt 2 pp 87-111. pp 98-99.
  • --- Article in Serial: Moir, J. Reid. 1930. A polished hand-axe from West Runton, Norfolk. Antiquaries Journal. X No 2 pp pp 143-145.
  • --- Article in Serial: Moir, J. Reid. 1931. Further Discoveries of Flint Implements in the Brown Boulder Clay of North-West Norfolk. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia. Vol VI Pt IV pp 306-315.
  • --- Monograph: Whitaker, W. and Jukes-Browne, A. J. 1899. The Geology of the Borders of the Wash. Memoirs of the British Geological Survey of England and Wales.
  • --- Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1897. Strange Discovery at Hunstanton. Remains of a primeval Briton (?). 2 September.
  • --- Newspaper Article: Norfolk Daily Standard. 1897. [unknown]. 2 September.
  • --- Newspaper Article: Norfolk Daily Standard. 1897. A Hunstanton Skeleton. 2 September.
  • --- Newspaper Article: The Norfolk Chronicle and Norwich Gazette. 1897. -. 4 September.
  • --- Publication: 1932. A Handbook of the Prehistoric Archaeology of Britain. pp 9-11.
  • --- Publication: Burkitt, M. C. 1933. The Old Stone Age: A Study of Palaeolithic Times.
  • --- Publication: Kendrick, T. D. and Hawkes, C. F. C. 1932. Archaeology in England and Wales, 1914-1931. p 25.
  • --- Publication: Woodward, H. B. 1884. The Geology of the Country around Fakenham, Wells and Holt.
  • --- Publication: Wright, W. B. 1939. Tools and the Man. pp 112, 135, 143.
  • --- Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Human Skeletal Remains (HSR). Hunstanton.
  • --- Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Palaeolithic.
  • --- Record Card: NAU Staff. 1974-1988. Norfolk Archaeological Index Primary Record Card.
  • --- Record Card: Ordnance Survey Staff. 1933-1979?. Ordnance Survey Record Cards. TF 64 SE 45.
  • --- Secondary File: Secondary File.
  • <S1> Article in Serial: Moir, J. Reid and Burchell, J. P. T. 1930. Flint Implements of Upper Palaeolithic types from Glacial Deposits in Norfolk. Antiquaries Journal. X No 4 pp 359-383. p 359 10-11.
  • <S2> Unpublished Document: Hoare, P.G. & Sweet, C.S.. 1993. A grave error concerning the demise of 'Hunstanton Woman'.
  • <S3> Article in Serial: Hoare, P. G. and Sweet, C. S. 1994. A grave error concerning the demise of 'Hunstanton Woman'. Antiquity. 68 No 260 pp 590-596.
  • <S4> Archive: R. Jacobi. -. Jacobi Archive. 10355.
  • SCRAPER (TOOL) (Palaeolithic - 1000000 BC to 10001 BC)
  • BLADE (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • BLADE CORE (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • BURIN (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • CORE (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • CORE (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • MICROLITH (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • MICROLITH (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • MICROLITH (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • SCRAPER (TOOL) (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • HUMAN REMAINS (Unknown date)
  • HUMAN REMAINS (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
  • HUMAN REMAINS (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)

Related NHER Records (0)

Record last edited

Apr 18 2023 1:27PM

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