NHER 7495 (Monument record) - Possible Roman iron smelting site and Mesolithic worked flints

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Summary

In 1954 ploughing on Buxton Heath revealed a possible Roman ironworking site. A portion of this iron smelting site was subsequently excavated by the Norwich Castle Museum. This work recovered large amounts of iron working debris, including fired clay furnace debris, iron blooms, slag and much charcoal. It appeared that the raw material used had been a ferruginous sand. Unfortunately the only potentially contemporary find was a length of copper alloy chain (possibly Iron Age?). These evidence was however similar to that identified at other excavated Roman smelting sites. A small number of Mesolithic worked flints were also recovered.

Protected Status/Designation

  • None recorded

Location

Map sheet TG12SE
Civil Parish HEVINGHAM, BROADLAND, NORFOLK

Map

August 1954. Excavation.
Excavation by D. R. Howlett of iron bloomery site revealed by ploughing. Possibly Roman. Finds recovered included a copper alloy chain (found with lump of cinder/slag and possibly Iron Age), a large lump of iron bloom with fragments of clay bars attached, a possible iron ore fragment, various fragments of iron bloom, slag and burnt clay and much charcoal. See list in file. The finds from this excavation were donated to the Norwich Castle Museum (NWHCM : 1954.206), which also holds a sample of the possible raw material (a ferruginous sand; NWHCM : 1955.16). Information from (S1). See also photos of excavation (S2), chain (S3) and slag (S4). Although unpublished, this work was reported in (S5) and (S6). Compare with (S7) - see file for additional notes on parallels.

This excavation also produced a small assemblage of Mesolithic flints. These were also donated to the Norwich Castle Museum (NWHCM : 1954.206) and are listed by (S8) and (S9) as comprising 1 microblade core, 5 blades/flakes and 1 microlith. These finds were also examined by R. Jacobi, who recorded the blades/flakes as 3 bladelets, 1 flake and 1 retouched flake (S10). The microlith is figured in (S11).
Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 15 May 2014.

  • --- Record Card: NAU Staff. 1974-1988. Norfolk Archaeological Index Primary Record Card.
  • --- Record Card: Ordnance Survey Staff. 1933-1979?. Ordnance Survey Record Cards. TG 12 SE 11.
  • --- Secondary File: Secondary File.
  • --- Serial: 1954. Council for British Archaeology Group VII Bulletin of Archaeological Discoveries. No 1. p 2.
  • <S1> Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Roman. Hevingham.
  • <S10> Archive: R. Jacobi. -. Jacobi Archive. 10268.
  • <S11> Monograph: Clarke, R. R. 1960. East Anglia. Ancient People and Places. 14.
  • <S2> Photograph: Ashley, H. 1954. CM 531-3, Hevingham Roman iron working site.
  • <S3> Photograph: Ashley, H. 1954. CM 551 Copper alloy chain from Hevingham Roman iron working site.
  • <S4> Photograph: Ashley, H. 1954. CM 1248-9 Iron slag from Hevingham Roman iron working site.
  • <S5> Article in Serial: Clarke, R. R. 1955. Norwich Museum Excavations 1954. Norfolk Research Committee Bulletin. Series 1 No 7 (for 1954) p 1.
  • <S6> Article in Serial: Clarke, R. R. 1957. Archaeological Discoveries in Norfolk 1949-54. Norfolk Archaeology. Vol XXXI Pt IV pp 395-416. p 414.
  • <S7> Article in Serial: Tylecote, R. and Owles, E. 1961. A Second-Century Iron Smelting Site at Ashwicken, Norfolk. Norfolk Archaeology. Vol XXXII pp 142-162. p 142.
  • <S8> Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Mesolithic.
  • <S9> Monograph: Wymer, J. J. and Bonsall, C. J. (eds). 1977. Gazetteer of Mesolithic Sites in England and Wales with a Gazetteer of Upper Palaeolithic Sites in England and Wales. Council for British Archaeology Research Report. No. 20. p 207.
  • BLADE (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • BLADE CORE (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • FLAKE (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • MICROLITH (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • RETOUCHED FLAKE (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • CHAIN (Early Iron Age to Roman - 800 BC to 409 AD)
  • BLOOM (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • KILN FURNITURE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • METAL WORKING DEBRIS (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)

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Record last edited

Jun 30 2016 3:38PM

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